![]() In 19, he co-authored two papers with Richard Green, "Incongruous Gender Role: Nongenital Manifestations in Prepubertal Boys" and "Effeminacy in Prepubertal Boys: Summary of Eleven Cases and Recommendations for Case Management." Money (right) with sexologist Romano Forleo and his wife in Rome, 1996 ![]() Money was a professor of pediatrics and medical psychology at Johns Hopkins University from 1951 until his death. Although often misattributed to him, Money did not coin the term 'gender identity'. He popularised the term paraphilia (appearing in the DSM-III, which would later replace perversions) and introduced the term sexual orientation in place of sexual preference, arguing that attraction is not necessarily a matter of free choice. Money proposed and developed several theories related to the topics of gender identity and gender roles, and coined terms like gender role and lovemap. He left Pittsburgh and earned his PhD from Harvard University in 1952. In 1947, at the age of 26, Money emigrated to the United States to study at the Psychiatric Institute of the University of Pittsburgh. He was a junior member of the psychology faculty at the University of Otago in Dunedin. He attended Hutt Valley High School and initially studied psychology at Victoria University of Wellington, graduating with a double master's degree in psychology and education in 1944. Money was born in Morrinsville, New Zealand, to a Protestant family of English and Welsh descent. He received around 65 honors, awards and degrees in his lifetime. Money's writing has been translated into many languages and includes around 2,000 articles, books, chapters and reviews. David Reimer lived a troubled life, eventually committing suicide at 38 his brother died of an overdose at age 36. Some of Money's sessions involved Money forcing the two children to perform sexual activities with each other, which Money then photographed. A 1997 academic study criticized Money's work in many respects, particularly in regard to the involuntary sex-reassignment of the child David Reimer, and Money's sexual abuse of Reimer and his twin brother when they were children. Since the 1990s, Money's work and research has been subject to significant academic and public scrutiny. He began testing anti-androgen medications on offenders as early as 1966, which yielded successful results. Money pioneered drug treatment for sex offenders in order to extinguish their sex drives. Despite widespread popular belief, Money did not coin 'gender identity'. Money advanced the use of more accurate terminology in sex research, coining the terms gender role and sexual orientation. Working with endocrinologist Claude Migeon, Money established the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic, the first clinic in the United States to perform sexual reassignment surgeries. ![]() John William Money (8 July 1921 – 7 July 2006) was a New Zealand American psychologist, sexologist and professor at Johns Hopkins University known for his research on human sexual behavior and gender. ![]()
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